Course outlines (26 hours theory):

·         Introduction and history of pathology (one hour)

·         Cell damages and death, cell correspondence (2 hours)

·    Pathological cell changes, including hypertrophy, atrophy and hyperplasia, causes and agents of cell damage, changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of damaged cells (3 hours)

·       Various types of cell necrosis, ultrastructural changes in cell organelles, mechanism of cell damage, cell damage caused by ischemia microscopically (4 hours)

·         Apoptosis, causes and mechanism of apoptosis and the examples (4 hours)

·        Various tissues and cells in terms of regeneration capacity, important cells in creating regenerative tissues, role of growth factors in cell regeneration (4 hours)

·         Naming tumors and features of benign and malignant tumors, basic role of molecules in cancer (4 hours)

Main References:

·         The latest edition of Robins Pathology.

Student Evaluation Method:

Student-based principles will be observed during the term to evaluate the performance of students by the assigned projects, as well as oral and written final exams.